Andrew Jackson Life and Biography - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1263 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category People Essay Level High school Topics: Andrew Jackson Essay Did you like this example? Andrew Jackson was known for many important and eventful life.I will be talking about both the highs and the lows of his two terms as the president of the united states from 1829-1837. The issues that I will be using and discussing are The states rights, The tariff, The Indian Removal act, and mostly how he did before and after his time in office. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Andrew Jackson: Life and Biography" essay for you Create order Andrew Jackson was born on March 15th, 1767 in South Carolina. Very close after Jackson was born his father died, Living with his mother in South carolina, he had lived with an extended family of Scots-Irish that worked and owned farms. His mother always dreamed of him being a well taught little boy but ends up Jackson had a love for cursing, pranks, and a lot of fighting. When Andrew was thirteen he decided that he wanted to volunteer to be in the Revolutionary War, His oldest brother, Hugh, died of a heat stroke in The Battle of Stono Ferry in 1779. In 1781 Andrew and his brother were captured, Andrew refused to polish the officers shoes so one of the british officers bashed him in the head with his sword. Robert, his other brother, died later from a deadly illness. Andrews mother then went to help injured soldiers and then died leaving Andrew an orphan at the young age of fourteen years old. When his money ran out, he finished schooling and he became a teacher for a short period of time and most people thought of him as different. He was Tall with red hair and blue eyes, Jackson was known for his bad temper . In 1784, when he was seventeen, Jackson decided to become an attorney. He moved to Salisbury, North Carolina, where he studied law by learning with lawyers. He also while doing three years of lawing school he worked at an general store. He also studied at Nashville for two years. One day Andrew met a woman named Rachel Donelson Robards, and she was struggling with a marriage.After hearing that her husband had been granted permission to divorce her, Jackson went to her in Natchez, where her mother had sent her, and may have married her there but no one really knows and have no records of the marriage. When they returned to Nashville in 1791, they discovered the divorce had not worked out. In 1792, Rachels husband sued for divorce so then they could not marry until 1794. When Andrew was twenty-first birthday one of Jacksons friends, John McNairy, was elected Superior Court Judge of the newly formed Western District by the North Carolina General Assembly. He went to Tennessee and practiced law briefly in Greeneville.Then in the fall of 1788, he moved to Nashville. Then broke out the war of 1812, As the new general, Andrew Jackson made quick, action to take the War of 1812 into his own hands,even though his soldiers were not the best. After a long battle he then won the battle of New Orleans by the British. This unexpected victory launched an enormous sense of national pride as America began to realize its true potential. It also made Jackson the new American hero. With winning New Orleans,it put Jackson on the map politically for his road to the White House.When Andrew was president he empowered his presidency, he defended the union, and pushed the country to democracy. He was so important to the government and made him such a good leader, and he always wanted to help all of the problems that anybody that he could provide for/take care of the issue .Although his candidacy brought problems and even deep personal loss upon him, Jackson was beloved by the country and the people recognized in him a unique spark they believed would change the nation to new heights. Andrew always did not want to be the boring old president that just enforced laws. Jackson was different. No one like him had ever served as president. He made decisions based on his personal beliefs. Besides the great work he achieved in office and in the military, President Jackson left a legacy resulting from his unorthodox, action-first mentality that pushed the boundaries for what both the president and the nation could achieve. Jackson returned to the Bank War. His relationship with the people throughout his first term convinced him that he was the only elected official in the United States that represented all the people. As such, Jackson believed he had to use his office to carry out their will. Jackson also espoused removing Indian tribes in the United States to the west of the Mississippi River as one of his reforms.Jackson argued that the United States policy of attempting to assimilate the tribes into white society had failed and the Native Americans way of life would eventually be destroyed. He recognized that whites desired their lands and feared if the Native Americans remained in those areas they would eventually be taken by the soldiers. Opposition groups fought Jacksons removal policy in Congress,but they sadly lost .In June 1836, Congress approved the legislation and sent it to Jackson. Jackson was tempted to veto it because he despised distribution and he felt the regulations on the state banks that held U.S. deposits did not go far enough, but the bill offered a final victory in the Bank War, currency reform and assisted Van Buren in his presidential campaign. Congress made the Indian Removal Act in 1831 which empowered Jackson to make treaties with the tribes in arranging for their displacement.Andrew would get many threats but just ignore them. He then took the indians through the Trail Of Tears. Which after this happened most people started not liking Andrew for honestly really good reasons.Today, Jacksons Indian Removal policy and its tragic consequences which led to the Trail of Tears was one of the worst parts on his presidential legacy. Jackson as a president was to carry out the Peoples will and which the price was to pay to become the president, and adding on to the death of his wife made his deeply affect him and he would spend the rest of his life mourning her. One of the bad things that Andrew Jackson did was the Tariff, he was known for this act to be one of the worst things that Jackson did during his presidency.On October 22 1832, the South Carolina legislature declared a convention on November 19, to decide whether the state would, according to Calhouns formula. On December 11, 1832, Jackson published a proclamation giving strong constitutional arguments, written by the Secretary of State Livingston. The only problem with all of this is that Andrew received a lot of hate comment about what he was doing and the choices about all of this. On January 8, the administration submitted a bill, known as the Verplanck bill after one of Van Burens allies, which cut the tariff in half over two years. Even though he was getting all of these threats and hate comments he went through with what his opinion was not really what the people wanted to help the nation better. On the 16th Jackson also sent to Congress the Force Bill ,to get Congressional approval for deploying the military to put down armed rebellion. This was also one of the debated options that he did about what he thought about it. While he was in office he accomplished things beyond his power. Jackson helped to inspire the American sense of promise and hope; the idea that anyone can succeed through hard work and natural ability, rather than through unappreciated power.

Proposal for International Foods at the University Dining...

Proposal for International Foods at the University Dining Services Pedro Cabrera came to State University from Puerto Rico. He decided to be an exchange student at State because he was interested in experiencing life in the United States, and because he was excited about the excellent veterinarian program offered at State. While he loves attending college and living in the United States, there are some things that he would like to change, or rather introduce to State University. Pedro admitted that he feels homesick at times, a feeling not uncommon to new freshmen. He confessed that one of the most important things that he misses about his home is his mothers home cooking. Pedro confessed that the food that the State University†¦show more content†¦He realizes he cannot get the food he likes on a daily basis, yet he still would like to be able to eat some meals he enjoys every once in a while. Although students who are from the United States enjoy eating the foods they are accustomed to, there are also times when student feel like trying something a little different. Often times the same old pasta or chicken dinners can get boring. That is why international food served in the dinning services would be a pleasant change for all students at Iowa State University. Not many students know what foods taste like from places such as India, Russia, Germany, Sweden, or Japan. Student would be able to sample foods from these and other places of which they have never been exposed to before. In addition, since this is an educational environment, introducing students to a variety of new foods from around the world would be both a cultural and educational experience. The serving of international foods at the residence hall dining services would be most beneficial to student for the main reason that the meals would be easily accessible. College students learn very quickly that time is precious and free time periods are few and far between. 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Entrepreneurial Management Innovation at WIPRO Free Essays

string(89) " Wipro established ePeripherals Limited \(Wep\) diversifying into IT related businesses\." Introduction to the organization Wipro was founded in 1945 in India and is currently diversified from producing vanaspati oil during its initial set up to Information technology, consumer care, lighting, engineering and health care sectors. The company has a long history of budding from independent entrepreneurship to corporate entrepreneurship after its diversification. Though founded during the early 20th Century, this company came before economic liberalization and adroitly used the opportunities offered by deregulation to grow businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneurial Management Innovation at WIPRO or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, they built strong organizational capabilities such as project management, quality of execution and speed. Arguably it is one of the few companies in India that changed its products and services with the pace of technological change and need. Wipro deals with business in IT services, Product engineering solutions, Technology infrastructure services, Business Process Outsourcing and other consulting related services. As of 2010 the company has employee strength of more than 100,000 and is classified as a large company in the IT sector. Currently the organization is diversified into many businesses with Information Technology services playing a major role in Wipro’s success. Today the Indian IT companies namely TCS, Wipro, HCL are renowned in the global market for their services. The various external factors leading to this situation include the Indian education system, high quality engineers, low cost of creation and high technological infrastructure. Approach to the document This report defines the various kinds of innovative outcomes in Wipro and how it evolved over 50 years to its current state that can be classified into the OECD innovation model. After this a few factors that have led to these innovative outcomes have been discussed and further classified as facilitators or barriers. Based on these observations a few recommendations are also provided to improve corporate entrepreneurship at Wipro. Definition of terms Academicians and practitioners have defined corporate entrepreneurship in many different ways in the existing literature. A number of authors emphasize that entrepreneurship primarily acts in underpinning innovation (Drucker, 1985b; McGrath, 1996; Stevenson and Jarillo, 1990). According to Schumpeter (1934) Innovation is 1) The introduction of a new good or a new quality of the good 2) The introduction of a new method of production 3) The opening of a new market 4) The conquest of a new source of supply 5) The carrying out of the new organization of an industry It can be differentiated between 4 types of innovations, namely â€Å"Product Innovation†, â€Å"Process Innovation†, â€Å"Marketing Innovation†, and â€Å"Organisational Innovation† (OECD, 2007). Corporate entrepreneurship is defined as the effort of promoting innovation from an internal organization perspective, through the assessment of potential new opportunities, alignment of resources, exploitation and commercialisation of said opportunities (McFadzean et al 2005). Corporate Entrepreneurship (McFadzean, 2005) From 1945 – 2000 individual entrepreneurship Azim Hasham Premji, the chairman of Wipro, was called upon to manage Wipro when he was 21 years old at the sudden demise of his father in 1966. He has steered the company to a rapid growth since then. In the 70’s, he realized a growing demand for computers in India with a few manufacturers. The company had no knowledge about computer manufacturing but Premji decided to venture into this and decided to collaborate with scientists from the Indian Institute of Science (IIS) to manufacture hardware and later software (when the Indian market was liberalized in 1991). Under his leadership, the fledgling US$ 2 million hydrogenated cooking fat company has grown to a US$1.76 billion IT Services organization serving customers across the globe. Value based leadership Premji has established a strong value system in Wipro and believed that values not only helped in achieving success but also made that success more enduring and lasting (2003). Based on the vision created by the leader the organization made its path towards diversifying into various sectors and successfully innovating. Below are the milestones in the value based leadership that led to its growth until 2000 1977 – WIPRO was renamed to Wipro products limited due to its wide range of products 1970’s – First Indian company to manufacture mini computers 1980 – Wipro Technologies was created to manufacture computer hardware and related software 1988 – Wipro Biomed was established to market and service bio-analytical and diagnostics instruments. In 1989 it turned into a joint venture with GE and launched Wipro GE Medical systems limited 1998 – Premji decided to undertake an image building exercise for Wipro and adopted the rainbow sunflower logo and the tag line â€Å"Applying Thought† 1999 – First Indian company to receive the SEI-CMM level 5 certification which would help the company in global business development. All these initiatives led by the leader made Premji one of the top 30 all time great entrepreneurs in the world (Business week, July 2007). The magazine said, â€Å"After making the company profitable and expanding from food oil to other consumer goods, Premji led Wipro into the nascent tech economy in the 1970s. Premji is also a hands-on manager involved in day-to-day operations, even making sales calls himself†. He believed in empowering people allowing them to express their ideas and raise voices freely. There revolutionary policies would help shape the leaders of tomorrow. Employees were free to give feedback in a transparent system and the management at Wipro learnt what was hampering team performance and what could be done to rectify any problems. Corporate entrepreneurship from 2000 onwards From 2000 onwards the company focussed on innovation as a measure to sustain its competitive advantage. Since the launch of innovation initiatives in 2000, Wipro had emerged as one of the strongest players in the Information Technology (IT) industry. The company offered a comprehensive portfolio of products based on innovative solutions. Innovation was a prerequisite at Wipro since it believed that this was essential to achieve growth and competitive advantage. It was one of the values on Wipro’s promise statement that said, † With utmost respect to human values, we promise to serve our customers with integrity through innovative, value for money solutions, by applying thought day after day.† 2000 – In September Wipro established ePeripherals Limited (Wep) diversifying into IT related businesses. You read "Entrepreneurial Management Innovation at WIPRO" in category "Essay examples" 2004 – Wipro’s innovation initiatives focused on the publishing industry resulted in huge success thus expanding the solutions to other areas – finance, insurance, and manufacturing. 900 employees working towards developing innovative business solutions (Business Week, 2006) 2007 – As of March 2007, innovative initiatives contributed to 7.5% of the toal revenues. Had a target of 10% by 2009 and successfully achieved it. Innovation council Soon the innovation council was formed and the approach aimed at soliciting ideas from the employees. The collected ideas from employees were discussed at the IC with top management reviewing the proposed ideas and analyzing how they would help the company accelerate growth and increase the quality of its new products. Thus it offered a bottom up approach to innovation although the feasibility was considered by the top management. And with selected ones, the company granted funding, technology and resources to bring into action. This encouraged the employees to suggest more innovative ideas and by the end of 2006 the council had 200 permanent employees to handle requests. Working framework for innovation at Wipro The innovation initiative at Wipro began with in depth study of successfully innovating companies like Nike, 3M Technologies and Home Depot. A 2 member team was formed to consult with academicians, experts, industrialists to chart out an innovation initiative. However after thorough examination it was observed that no existing innovation models could be replicated at Wipro. Hence by adopting a ground-up approach a focussed innovation model was built based on the requirements of the company also considering authorized customer ideas. According to Oslo Manual for measuring innovation there are 4 types of innovation product innovation; process innovation; marketing innovation and organisational innovation. However the working framework of innovation at Wipro classifies innovation at Wipro as Process Innovation, Technology Innovation, Delivery Innovation and Business Innovation. Applied innovation framework Wipro’s applied innovation was a 360 degree approach to business that focussed on four domains – business, process, technology and delivery. This would help Wipro technologies work collaboratively with its clients to reduce the cost of a project, speed up the process of delivery and identify new opportunities for business. Innovation at Wipro (Divakaran Mangalath, 2006) Process innovation As part of its innovation process Wipro applied the principles of lean manufacturing and six sigma to its process of software design and development. This helped it increase productivity by 10% since it reused tools and components. It was evident that after lean principles of engineering were applied to over 700 projects, 20-30% savings were recovered for the company (director’s report, 2007). Delivery Innovation This included the software factory model and the global delivery model. The factory model integrated several IT functions into a centralized supply chain allowing common areas of work to be grouped for better quality and time saving. Wipro observed 10-15% reduction in cycle time of demand to delivery of products. It was globally used across projects and Wipro was credited with pioneering the virtual distributed software development model that enabled companies to manage large projects through virtually distributed teams. Technology innovation The company was involved in creating IPs (Intellectual Properties) that effectively enabled its customers to reduce time in the product life cycle and improve the success rates of the products. Eg: the company developed a plug-n-play patent and IP that helped reduce the product’s time-to-market by 20-25%. Also they were the largest bank of patents in bluetooth, wireless LAN and IEEE 1394. Business innovation To improve its relation with customers, the company focussed on business solutions that were specific to the related industry. Wipro’s business innovations included Data Privacy and Master Data Management, Clinical Data Management, Integrated Publishing platform, vendor managed inventory, retail pharmacy, etc. Wipro also developed the GCC (Global command center) with IT infrastructure for its customers. The customers were happy to monitor, diagnose, store and secure applications as and when needed. The outcomes of corporate entrepreneurship In 8 years, by the end of 2008, innovation became an integral part of product development process. Since the cyclic processs has been inculcated in the employees, the â€Å"time-to-market† was significantly decreased for new products and also the products used leading-edge technology. A work flow solution – Flow-Brix was estimated to generate revenues in the range US$ 75,000 – US$ 1 million. Innovation had spread across all sectors of the organization and i-Desk was the first one to enable easy HR management – by a collaborating workplace tool for workflow solutions for publishing. All these innovation initiatives have been fruitful and also helped the company attract prospective employees to fill 29% of vacancies in 2006 (Business week, 2006) Hence it was certain that the innovation process enabled a strong product portfolio and also brought good revenue streams. In Wipro technologies, the company was focussing on consultancy services which would further enhance its image in the global software industry. Internal organizational factors to consider for successful innovation Effect of leadership In Wipro it was not only recruiting the right kind of people, but also in proper training of its people. Employees were mandated to frequent internal training sessions with major responsibilities showered on them although they may not seem well prepared for the role. Premji (2005) defined 8 leadership qualities which were made a standard against which new employees would be recruited and trained. He believed that training and development at various stages were designed by mapping people’s competencies to specific roles in the Life Cycle Stage Development Plan. Innovation Culture Premji also placed utmost importance on innovation and creativity in developing a successful organization. Stressing the importance of innovation for the overall development of the organization, Premji said, â€Å"Innovation is essentially the application of high creativity. It need not be restricted to just products; it applies to services, employee attitude and across all levels. Innovation is a fundamental mindset pursued seriously by an organization. It is imperative to imbibe the culture of innovation†(Manu B. 2006). Analysts report that the open and supportive culture at Wipro gives employees the opportunity to develop their skills and as a result, contribute more to the organization. Management practices In order to come out with innovative products and services, the top management at Wipro committed itself to fostering innovation in the organization and encouraging employees to come out with innovative ideas. Value system The company also strove to make it more customers centric. The company believes in the objective of â€Å"customer-in† where the voice of the customers is built in the products rather than being â€Å"product-out† where the products are sold by marketing its features to the customer. Premji also believed that this value system has to remain intact even after his tenure which was openly admired by the competitors. Organizational structure In Wipro the organizational structure was also responsible for carrying out innovation initiative in selected projects. The company emphasized the commercial viability of an idea along with innovation. The concept was to create components with Intellectual Properties (IP) that would generate revenues over a period of time rather than one-time revenue from projects. Innovation strategy Another approach to innovation involved executives of several industry vertical business units identifying new technologies that would be of importance to their clients in the near future. The objective was to have expertise in the new technologies and come up with the products and productive services that could be patented by Wipro. These centres also work with research institutes, technology providers and also provide a platform for the growth of the employees. The company was able to launch new products continuously due to its innovation strategy, which considerably reduced the time between idea-generation and final product development. A few hindrances to effective innovation Competitive rivalry WIPRO was able to produce hardware and software for the domestic market, however due to high competition and low quality; they decided that they could not export their products in a market that had the niche products from the big companies. They were not ready to take the risk of competing with IBM, Intel, and Apple and decided to use the opportunity where doors were open in the Indian market. If in the process, they were able to attain the quality as these giants, they could have made it to the bigger markets in no time and could have proven cost effective than other options. But due to unavailability of high quality raw material and skilled resources, they had to limit to the domestic market. National culture India is a developing nation and it takes time for technological changes to occur. Also the initial cost of hardware and software related to new technology is very high and not affordable to most projects. Hence although the Innovation council decides on feasible innovative ideas posted by employees, quite often they are rejected due to unavailability of resources in the country. However the company is striving to compete with global competitors in the technological field and this barrier can cause a major impact on the innovation strategy. Recommendations Top down approach An entrepreneurial vision indicates the strategic intent of the organization. Stein (2002) proposed that the most admired companies set challenging goals. This vision encourages individuals to hold informal discussion with colleagues, friends and share the knowledge that they bring with different project experiences. This helps refine the idea based on the critical analysis by more than one person. Thus the vision setter actually motivates employees to strive to excel beyond their capabilities and routines. Although innovation and creativity cannot be forced on employees, this provides a platform to discuss, relate and generate new ideas. This continuous innovation is also possible only when the employee understands and accepts the vision and strives to deliver it. Team based activities In Wipro technologies project work is also carried out in teams. This inculcates an team based culture for working among employees. Although the employee is not forced to discuss innovative ideas within his team he can depend upon forums to find people with similar interests. As part of knowledge sharing the company encourages participation in forums and blogging. Thus a webbed structure is created in sharing ideas. For example, people working for different projects but with similar technological backgrounds can rely upon the forums for their needed expertise. In this way simple tools created in one project can be easily passed on to other projects with similar requirements effectively reducing time to collaborate with the Innovation council. This can also be seen as a knowledge management initiative that fosters innovation. A new perspective The organization can look upon innovative ideas as a change management process. The organization has keenly created the Innovation council to take care of the process. However the acceptability of existing teams to these new ideas is not calculated as a risk. People could be inflexible in accepting a novel way of doing business. They are more comfortable with the routine methods and could prove a failure to the case. Along with innovation management the organization should also consider change management as part of the culture. This would improve acceptability of ideas and keep the cyclic process of innovation going on. Conclusion Wipro which began with the success of an individual entrepreneur has matured to a corporate entrepreneur that fosters innovation. The innovation discussed about Wipro technologies in particular can be applied to other industries too. Analysts feel that these internal organizational factors – culture, leadership, strategy give employees the environment conducive for continuous innovation and contribute more to the organization. However, the company has to rethink of its methods since close competitors like TCS, Infosys and CTS are also making huge investments in innovation. Hence with increased competition, it is a challenge for Wipro to sustain the current position of the innovation leader in the Indian market. References Azim Premji, â€Å"8 Steps to Excellence†, The Smart Manager, January 2005. â€Å"Azim Premji’s Interview with IIM Bangalore’s S.Krishna†, www.azimpremjifoundation.com, March 2003. â€Å"Director’s Report,† www.moneycontrol.com, March 2007. Divakaran Mangalath, â€Å"What Makes Innovation Work,† www.wipro.com, December 2006. Drucker, P.F. (1985b), Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles, Heinemann, London. Elspeth McFadzean, Andrew O’Loughlin, Elizabeth Shaw, (2005) â€Å"Corporate entrepreneurship and innovation part 1: the missing link†, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 8 Iss: 3, pp.350 – 372 Gupta, A.K. and Govindarajan, V. (2000), â€Å"Knowledge flows within multinational corporations†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 473-96. Jon Tozzi, â€Å"The Greatest Entrepreneurs of All Time,† Business Week, July 2007. Manu A B, â€Å"Premji on Innovation, Creativity,† www.rediff.com, February 16, 2006. McGrath, R.G. (1996), â€Å"Options and the entrepreneur: towards a strategic theory of wealth creation†, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp. 101-5. OECD (2007): OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2007, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, p. 94. Stein, J.C. (2002), â€Å"Information production and capital allocation: decentralized versus hierarchical firms†, The Journal of Finance, Vol. 57 No. 5, pp. 1891-922. Stevenson, H.H. and Jarillo, J.C. (1990), â€Å"A paradigm of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial management†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 17-27. Schumpeter, J.A. (1934): The Theory of Economic Development, 13th Printing 2007, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003), â€Å"Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses†, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 24, pp. 1307-14. â€Å"Wipro’s New Groove,† www.businessweek.com, February 17, 2006. â€Å"QA with Wipro’s Azim Premji,† www.businessweek.com, November 27, 2006. How to cite Entrepreneurial Management Innovation at WIPRO, Essay examples

Cinema Ticket Business Process

Question: Discuss about the Cinema Ticket Business Process. Answer: Introduction Cinema ticket is a voucher that indicates that an individual has the right or permission to watch a particular film or a movie for a given duration of time at a specific place. As a business process, cinema ticket is considered at the point of marketing or sales. One can buy a ticket from the box office or at the counter of an entertainment industry or an organization, which avails the tickets in the form of ticket checks or as separate. Tickets are also available from resellers, which are commercial enterprises that order tickets in the form of wholesale and reselling them to the consumers. Many customers trust dealers because of convenience and availability. The convenient factor relates to the local ticket acquisition while the availability factor is that all the tickets have been sold hence need to purchase the tickets from the resellers or not to see the particular performance of the show. Online booking of cinema tickets has been the current process of buying the tickets. Indus tries that have not developed the online system of ticket booking are therefore encouraged to adopt the system since it is effective and efficient regarding production, marketing, and customer satisfaction. Physical flow of cinema ticket Physical flow involves the circular movement model of the ticket card from the business sector to the point of use and the transfer of resources from the household sector to the business sector (Fang andYang, 2016). The physical flow is demonstrated as a counter-clockwise flow whereby the product market at the top, resource at the bottom, household sector at the left and organization at the right as the payment moves in the opposite direction (Braet and Spek, 2013). The household sector is the people seeking the consumption of the cinema ticket and at far right is the organization, which is responsible for the production of the ticket card (Hoof, 2016). At the top side are the product markets, which is responsible for the exchange of product or gross domestic product. The resource market exchanges the services of the resources (Braet and Spek, 2013). Payment flows from the household because they possess resources. Provision of services and resources to the organization via supply market, the company then utilize the resources in the production of tickets that are then provided to the customers (Hoof, 2016). The circular flow of payment play a significant role in the organization, it measures national income, gives out knowledge of interdependence, demonstrates endless nature of the economy and provides injection and leakages (Baumgrtel, 2012). For the physical flow of the product to be successful, there should be proper communication among the i ndividuals involved in the process. The organization should relay an appropriate message to the customers, which in turn respond by making payment of the product. Co-ordination is also another important factor in the process. There must be a proper coordination among the four parties with the right relationship. Document and Data flow diagram It is the graphical representation of information, and it is usually used as a primary step to provide an overview of the system (Hoof, 2016). The diagram indicates the type of data that are responsible for input and output from the system. It shows where the data moves to, its source and where it will be stored. The data flow diagram does not indicate the timing of the process and whether the process will operate in sequence or parallel (Redmond, 2013). Document flow diagram involves the recording the transaction of payment or documenting any activity during ticket processing. For example, during payment of the ticket, the document and data diagram can be represented as below. A is money received from the customer and P is the price of the ticket (Hoof, 2016). When A is less than P, the client is referred to A showing that the amount received is less than the price of the ticket. When A is greater or equal to P, the card is printed, and the change is dispensed (Shina, 2012). The whole diagram comprises of reviews concerning booking details, users in corporate level, the identity of the workers, movie screening as well as some seats booked by each and registered users both in the organization and in the cities (Stout, 2015). Booking details provide names of various movies screened on a given day, availability of corporate users for each video and number of seats booked (Sanchez and Royyuru, 2013). Corporate users entail name of the users, contacts including e-mails and phone numbers as well as their places of residence. The information in corporate users helps to obtain timely information for promotion purposes of the organization. Movie details consist of the cinema being screened and its location, name, date of screening and timing of the film to be shown (Mital and Desai, 2014). The revenue section provides users who are willing to book the ticket, which reflects the name, movie to be booked, number of users, seats booked and revenue generated. Seats booked give details of some seats for a particular day for a particular location. Assumptions the process of obtaining ticket online has principle assumptions that are applied to the users of the ticket and they include; every location comprise of different capacity of users, price of the ticket is at a fixed rate over the period, no cancellation of the ticket, payment mode is set, and internal operation involves the use of system. Information flow It is the process whereby information about the product moves from the point of manufacture to the final usage of the product. It is developed to manage the records concerning movie collection, sales of the ticket (Sanchez and Royyuru, 2013). It provides the conductive interface to the users to retrieve and to manage the records. Information in an organization is required to gather a certain amount of data concerning the product of the group (Mital and Desai, 2014). For instance, in the information flow process, it is important to include effective communication and coordination among the five that is from suppliers of material to final usage of the ticket by the customers to enhance understanding of each party in the organization. The product information flow diagram is as follows; Suppliers provide raw materials for the organization to process and manufacture tickets. Once tickets have been produced, they are distributed to the retailers, which in turn sell them to the final consumers (Ferreira and Proena, 2013). The transfer of information from suppliers to customers enhances the process of product movement. The distributors can directly sell the tickets to the customers or supply in bulk to wholesalers. Wholesales then sell to retailers, which in turn sell to individual clients (Ferreira and Proena, 2013). Future improvement Cinema ticket booking process is part of the management system, which can be implemented though there is some assumptions and limitation that need to be overcome. Incorporation of new applications such as modernization of payment mode, the dynamism of the ticket price, and implementation of refund and cancellation of the ticket, clients can choose the different type of seats during the time of reservation and the application of management system to each source and destination. Conclusion Most cinema industries have installed software to facilitate online booking system of tickets (Ferreira and Proena, 2013). The online booking processes have more advantages than physical method, which include anytime anywhere delivery of services, reduction of staff congestion and promotion of film internet. Marketing of tickets either physical or online need to be implemented to ensure reliability, efficiency and satisfaction of the customer hence high productivity of the organization product. Industries that have not developed an online system of ticket booking are therefore encouraged to adopt the system since it is effective and efficient regarding production, marketing, and customer satisfaction. Reference Braet, O., Spek, S., Pauwels, C. (2013). Crowdfunding the movies: A business analysis of crowdfinanced moviemaking in small geographical markets.Journal of Media Business Studies,10(1), 1-23. Hoof, F. (2016). Post-Cinematic Distribution Flows: Alternative Content, Sports Films and the (In) Stability of the Multiplex Market. InThe State of Post-Cinema(pp. 149-163). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Stout, G. (2015). Control and Flow: Winterbottoms Migratory Cinema.Alien Imaginations: Science Fiction and Tales of Transnationalism, 209. Baumgrtel, T. (Ed.). (2012).Southeast Asian Independent Cinema: Essays, Documents, Interviews(Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press. Sanchez, J. S., Royyuru, V. K., Myers, J. W. (2013).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/024,352. Redmond, S. D. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,615,652. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Shina, S. G. (2012).Concurrent engineering and design for manufacture of electronics products. Springer Science Business Media. Mital, A., Desai, A., Subramanian, A., Mital, A. (2014).Product development: a structured approach to consumer product development, design, and manufacture. Elsevier. Ferreira, F. N. H., Proena, J. F., Spencer, R., Cova, B. (2013). The transition from products to solutions: External business model fit and dynamics.Industrial Marketing Management,42(7), 1093-1101. Fang, Z., Yang, Y., Xu, Y., Li, W. (2016). Boost movie ticket sales by location-based advertising: A Bayesian VAR approach.Journal of Media Economics,29(3), 125-138.

Griboyedov Review Essay Example

Griboyedov Review Paper Essay on Griboyedov A long long time ago I came across the book Love this is the heart of everything about Mayakovsky, whom my soul is not accepted at the time, simply precluded a. I thought he was Lomax from literature, artificially distort feigned words, breaking lines of poetry. No, I was a girl it is competent, to understand why this or why, but all the same, it seemed to me somehow false deliberate, and therefore unpleasant. The book is composed of the letters he and Lili Brik, turned my understanding of it, about a man who, even letters to his beloved signing the name of Puppy and drew a number of touching a face, a funny dog. Thats why I book this so remember that it is something shook me, made to see in the tribune of the revolution, the vulnerable and wounded soul in love. Classic day enmeshed in the day (s) the ponderous chains of school (and university) programs was ground (dissolved) words like great poet , national property which, if laid on the gravestone Russian literature swaddled its cocoon, from under which not see nor wisdom, nor lightness or finesse or gloss. Books like the book Griboyedov hack, blow up the frozen ice age. Classics are no longer monuments, they are live, no matter how trite it sounds. What unites Griboyedov, Pushkin, Chaadaev, Viazemsky? About what youre thinking, you admit it? According to Tsimbaevoy, they share a waltz. They are people age waltz, unafraid, but not vulgar, easy, fast, elegant, but at the same time, requires concentration, confidence, and lack of internal stress, flying, but not off the ground (and gets up before the eyes of the picture from the movie war and peace , where the ball dance Natasha Rostova). But really, a whole era of smart, brilliant, wise, so different, but these pohozhh something subtle at each other. Almost everyone a tragic fate, but such dignity, such ability to hold back the natural simplicity, lets talk about just vozvyshennom1 We will write a custom essay sample on Griboyedov Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Griboyedov Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Griboyedov Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The book about Griboyedov a treasure for everyone who loves Russian literature. Scrupulous work with facts, everyday realities (the author historian), the study of the characters and traditions of society at that time. What kind of Valais! Here, the old woman and Moscow, customs control, all FAMUSOV and his company at a glance. And not just Woe from Wit and Eugene Onegin and War and Peace become much clearer, I would say, more alive, that is. Also it described all this so that is read in one breath. I picked up this book if necessary (read it for a long time), but could not tear myself away. And I thought maybe because we do not like them, that does not dance (do not know how, or do not want, or with whom) Waltz ?

Memory

Memory is defined as the faculty by which sense impressions and information are retained in the mind and subsequently recalled. A persons capacity to remember and the total store of mentally retained impressions and knowledge also formulate memory. (Webster, 1992) We all possess inside our heads a system for declassifying, storing and retrieving information that exceeds the best computer capacity, flexibility, and speed. Yet the same system is so limited and unreliable that it cannot consistently remember a nine-digit phone number long enough to dial it (Baddeley, 1993). The examination of human behavior reveals that current activities are inescapably linked by memories. General competent (1993) behavior requires that certain past events have effect on the influences in the present. For example, touching a hot stove would cause a burn and therefore memory would convey a message to not repeat again. All of this is effected by the development of short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). Memories can be positive, like memories of girlfriends and special events, or they can be negative, such as suppressed memories. Sexual abuse of children and Memory adolescents is known to cause severe psychological and emotional damage. Adults who were sexually abused in childhood are at a higher risk for developing a variety of psychiatric disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and mood disorders. To understand the essential issues about traumatic memory, the human minds response to a traumatic event must first be understood. The memory is made up of many different sections with each having different consequences on one another. Can people remember what they were wearing three days ago? Most likely no, because the memory only holds on to what is actively remembered. What a person was wearing is not important so it is thrown out and forgotten. This type of unimportant information ...

Research Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research Paper - Article Example The causes of the rising costs are due to aging population and cost of new and modern treatments. Inefficiencies in delivery of healthcare also play a role in rising costs (Reisman, 2010). Healthcare science has rapidly progressed than the ability of managing the systems of healthcare. Patients are the main determinants of directional flow of health care, with the need to get quality and affordable treatment. Economic constraints to offer quality care lead to the need for healthcare institutions to design mechanism to meet the needs of patients. Efficient healthcare systems guarantee affordable, timely, and quality care (Bookman, 2007). Global difference with regard to price among hospitals is brought about by the service rendered quality, health and government policies in respective countries, technology used, wage bill and time. Hospitals, especially in the United States have a high cost mainly due to government policies that has made health sector expensive. Insurance is also unaffordable form many Americans. Hospitals that use state of art technology tend to be more expensive than the ones without. The payments for physicians and doctors also determine the cost in different hospitals. Doctors in America are highly paid than any other doctors. Some patients who need privacy need hospitals that are suitable to them for discrete procedures. Such hospitals tend to charge higher for such services. These are the major factors determining the difference in prices of hospitals globally According to Vick (2010), flow of patient represents the ability of systems of healthcare to serve patients efficiently and quickly as they pass through the various care stages. Working system ensures the sick flow like a river, indicating that every step of care completes with little delays. In a broken system, patients build up like a reservoir. This is seen in chronic delays especially in many emergency

Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality Essay

Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality - Essay Example A CT scan may also reveal how much of the colon is inflamed. 2) The second differential diagnosis is Crohn’s Disease. The data that supports this diagnosis includes bloody diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, insidious onset, arthritis (painful knee joints), rash (erythema nodosum), fever, and abdominal pain or tenderness. Also, the onset age is between 15 and 25; males are more likely to develop the disease than females, and people are put more at risk if there is family history of the disease. The lab/diagnostic tests I will need to rule in or out Crohn’s Disease are CT scan, to look for thickening of the colon; CBC, for anemia; pANCA, as ASCA in Crohn’s may differentiate from UC; biopsy; and an IBD serology 7 panel. 3) The third differential diagnosis is infectious colitis/diarrhea/gastroenteritis. The data that supports this diagnosis includes bloody diarrhea, weight loss, anorexia, dehydration, pale skin, abdominal pain or cramps, fever, elevated WBC in stool, an emia, and hyperactive bowel sounds. This disorder is common in all ages, but especially in individuals who have a long history of stomach problems or have tender arthritis. The lab/diagnostic tests I will need to rule in or out infectious colitis/diarrhea/gastroenteritis are testing stools for WBC/leukocytosis; Ova + parasite to exclude amebiasis; toxin assay to rule out c diff; cultures to rule out salmonella, shigella, e.coli and campylobacter; and urinalysis, BUN, specific gravity, and electrolytes. 4) The fourth differential diagnosis is Ischemic colitis. The data that supports this diagnosis includes bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain LLQ tenderness, elevated WBC, and anemia. Ischemic... Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality Patients often expect slow delivery of service. They have a lack of confidence that providers will really help, especially if the patient is poor. For this reason, patients may feel less confident about U.S. providers who are Latino. Physicians in Mexico are revered: â€Å"What is said is done, no questions asked.† Questions are not asked for fear of insulting the provider. This includes questions about the patient’s prognosis. Patients from Mexico and many underdeveloped countries are accustomed to providers who wear white coats. American providers who dress casually may have to prove themselves more. There are exceptions to this. Uninsured and underinsured Latino patients are in survival mode. Maintaining the most basic needs, such as affording food and paying for housing, take over their everyday lives. Most of these people are close to becoming homeless and some are already homeless. As such, preventive care is viewed as a luxury, something that only the rich can afford. This attitude is only strengthened by previous experiences in Latin American countries, where treatment was almost nonexistent due to a major lack of financial resources. For most individuals, healthcare in Latin America was unaffordable and unattainable, and most experience the same problem in the U.S. Latinos in the United States are without health insurance. Even though there are a large amount of preventive services available at free or reduced costs, patients and providers do not always know about these services.

Hispanic American Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Hispanic American Diversity - Essay Example People of Mexican origin are Mexicans either for the reason they are born in Mexico or of Mexican heritage. "The majority of Mexican Americans live in urban areas which comprise the three agricultural migrant streams that flow from the south to the north across the country, often twice annually. Historically, Mexican Americans have been both an urban and rural population. Since the 1600s, Mexicans were the first Americans to establish homesteads in the territories that became Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. Since before the turn of the century, Mexican Americans literally built the great southwestern cities of Los Angeles, San Diego, Tucson, Albuquerque, Dallas, and San Antonio" (2006b) Mexican culture is influenced by folk art, which exhibits in major American museums, and "the great Mexican muralists like Rivera, Siquieros, and Orozco were invited to paint frescoes on the walls of American institutional sites such as universities and even within such edifices of capitalism as Rockefeller Center in New York" (Limon, 1998, p. 26) Local Mexican cultural life involves the participation of ranches, they used to gather for parties and seasonal balls and dutifully attend Sunday gatherings. With respect to linguistics, "Mexican America... Others, speaking perfect English, have completely forsaken the tongue of their ancestors". (Gonzalez, 1969, p. 16) A few, usually among the more educated intellectual class, have made a point of learning to speak both English and Spanish well, but they are, very rare. It has been found that the majority of the members of this population still learn English as a second language, however Spanish-American leaders recognize that in order for individuals to raise their socioeconomic level they must speak English well. Puerto Ricans The cultural heritage of Puerto Rico is among the richest in the world. Traditionally, the Puerto Rican people speak Spanish; it is their language of loyalty, romance, passion, patriotism, business, negotiation, and defiance-it is their cultural language. Their ancestors inherited this language from the Spaniards through conquest, and yet it is not the language that the Spaniards spoke when Puerto Rico was under Spanish colonial rule, and it is not the Spanish that Spaniards speak today. In addition, for those who are fully bilingual in Spanish and English, a linguistic phenomenon called "Spanglish" has arisen. The Spanish conquest of Puerto Rico, and the rest of Latin America, for the most part guaranteed that the people would become Roman Catholic. Under colonial rule, it was forbidden to practice any religion but Catholicism. "In Puerto Rico there seems to be a combination of the practices of Santeria and Spiritism, and there are times when the people themselves are not certain o f the origin of a particular custom; they practice it because their ancestors did, not because they are active followers of Santeria or Spiritism". (Perez, 2000, p. 17) Politically, "Puerto Ricans have always received lower levels of Federal

Case Study: Mother Dairy Milk

Case Study: Mother Dairy Milk Mother Dairy Milk Case Study On Mother Dairy Abstract Mother Dairy is looking to take advantage of the opportunity which are in galore available for all milk manufactures. Mother Dairy-Delhi was set up in 1974 under the operation flood programme. it is now a subsidiary company of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB). Mother Dairy sources its entire requirement of liquid milk from dairy cooperatives. Similarly, Mother dairy sources fruits and vegetables from framers/growers associations. Mother dairy also contributes to the cause of oilseeds grower cooperatives that manufacture/pack the Dhara range of edible oils by undertaking to nationally market al dhara products. Of the three As of marketing-availability, acceptability and affordability, Mother dairy is already endowed with first two. Hence no efforts are needed to make it acceptable. Its availability is not a limitation either, because if the ample scope for increasing milk production, given the prevailing low yields from dairy cattle. It leaves the third vital marketing factor affordability. How to make milk affordable for the large majority with limited purchasing power? That is essence of the challenge. Current theories of strategy and organization suggest that Mother Dairy benefit from related diversification and tight coordination of the multidivisional structure. This Project aims to probe into this issue by using theoretical framework of strategy, structure and performance. three issues will be addressed by us: a) What strategies and structure does Mother Dairy adopt in a constantly changing and turbulent developing economy? B) Do the influences of Mother Diary have interaction effects with environmental conditions? C) How does Mother Dairy make its competitor not to grasps its market in the gurgaon area? Introduction â€Å"Mother Dairy† is the single largest brand of milk in Delhi, India as well as in Asia, marketing about 1.9 million litres of milk per day.Mother Dairy commands 40% market share in the organised sector in and around Delhi, primarily because of consistent quality and service what ever be the crisis-floods, transport strike, curfew etc. Mother Dairy, Patparganj, Delhi, is presently manufacturing selling around 8.5 lakh litres of tonned milk through bulk vending shops. Mother Dairy, Delhi is an IS/ISO-9001:2000 and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) and IS-14001:1996 Envoirnment Management System (EMS) Certified organisation.Mother Dairy was the first industry in country to implement ISO-14031(Envoirnment Performance Evaluation) project. The comany’s Quality Assurance Laboratory is ISO/IEC-17025:1999 certified by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratory), Department of Science Technology, India.This provides assurance to the consumer in respect of Quality and Safety of products manufactured and marketed by Mother Dairy Background of Mother Dairy The main reasons for the low yield are:  · Lack of use of scientific practices in mulching. Inadequate availability of fodder in all seasons. Unavailability of veterinary health services. Indian Dairy Products The term Indian Dairy Products refers to those milk products, which originated in undivided India. Flow Chart of Conversion of Milk Into Traditional Indian Dairy Products sMilk Cultured Condensed Acid Precipitation Shrikhand Ghee Lassi Kadbi Misti Doi Rabri Kheer Kkoa Paneer Sandesh Chhana Rasgoola Pantoda Rasmalai Burfi Pedha Kalakand Gulabjamun Major Players There are virtually 15 major Dairy Cooperative Federations in India, namely: Andhra Pradesh Dairy Development Cooperative Federation Ltd (APDDCF) Bihar State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (COMPFED) Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (GCMMF) Haryana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation Ltd. (HDDCF) Himachal Pradesh State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (HPSCMPF) Karnataka Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (KMF) Kerala State Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (KCMMF) Madhya Pradesh State Cooperative Dairy Federation Ltd (MPCDF) Maharashtra Rajya Sahakari Maryadit Dugdh Mahasangh (Mahasangh) Orissa State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (OMFED) Pradeshik Cooperative Dairy Federation Ltd (UP) (PCDF) Punjab State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (MILKFED) Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation Ltd (RCDF) Tamilnadu Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd (TCMPF) West Bengal Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Ltd. (WBCMPF) National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is the central cooperative board of the country and was created to promote, finance and support producer-owned and controlled organizations mentioned above. Two main players – Amul of GCMMF and Mother Dairy of NDDB – is the leading brand in India. Our main focus is to analyze the strategic move of NDDB for mother Dairy from top to bottom. Thus we are going to concentrate on the progress of Mother Diary and NDDB for their future strategies. Historical Background of Mother Dairy MotherDairy is the single largest brand of milk in India as well as in Asia, marketing about 2.2 million litres of milk per day. Mother Dairy commands 40% market share in the organized sector in and around Delhi, primarily because of consistent quality and service – whatever be the crisis floods, transportstrike, curfew etc. Mother Dairy, Patparganj, Delhi, is presently manufacturing selling around 8.5 lakh litres of tonned milk through bulk vending shops. Mother Dairy, Delhi is an IS/ISO 9001:2000 and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) and IS-14001:1996 Envoirnment Management System (EMS) Certified organisation. Mother Dairy was the first Dairy in the country to implement ISO-14031 (Envoirnment Performance Evaluation) project. Thecomanys Quality Assurance Laboratory is ISO/IEC- 17025:1999 certified by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratory), Department of Science Technology, India. This provides assurance to the consumer in respect of Quality and Safety of products manufactured and marketed by Mother Dairy. The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) commissioned Mother Dairy in the first phase of Operation Flood in 1974. Considering the success of Dairy industry NDDB established Fruit Vegetable Project in Delhi in 1988 with SAFAL as its umbrella brand. With a view to separating the commercial activities from developmental activities, the NDDB merged Mother Dairy and the Fruit Vegetable project into a wholly owned company named Mother Dairy Fruit Vegetable Ltd (MDFVL) in April 2000. This becomes the holding company of Mother Dairy India Ltd (MDIL) – a marketing company and Mother Dairy Foods Processing Ltd (MDFPL) – a processing company. MDFPL is a multi unit company, with units at various locations in India. Mother Dairy, Delhi is one of the units of MDFPL. The company is a highly trusted house hold name for its wide range of milk products like Milk, Flavored Milk, Ice-Cream, Dahi, Lassi, Table Butter, Dairy Whitener, Ghee etc. The application for the award is being made for Mother Dairy, Delhi unit. Mother dairy has taken up the concept of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) wholeheartedly. The number of employees involved in KAIZENS and the no. of KAIZENS per employee are very encouraging. Mother Dairy is a member of CII-TPM Club and the KAIZENS done by Mother Dairy employees have been selected and presented in 2nd ,3rd ,4th and 5th National Kaizen Conferences held from time to time during the last three years. Our TPM efforts have resulted in increase in MTBF and decrease in MTTR, quality improvement, Cost reduction and reduction in accidents. Mother Dairy has received Best Productivity Performance award for three consecutive years starting from1987-88 to1989-90 and again from1995-96 to1997-1998 from National productivity Council and a commendation Certificate for Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award, National Energy Conservation Award 2004, Oil and Gas Conservation Award 2004, Indian Innovation Award 2004 and Safety Initiative Award 2005. Over the years, Mother Dairy has not only served the daily need of milk of the consumers of Delhi, it has also extended its milk to other States like Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh Gujarat and is expanding its wings rapidly to serve the masses. Strategically located Mother Dairy booths across Delhi and NCR make it convenient for you to pick up your daily requirement of Milk, Flavored milk, Butter, Dahi, Lassi, Cheese, Chaas†¦.mouth watering Ice Creams. The focus is on key markets for each of the categories. In the curd category, they have been in Delhi for a while now and launched in Mumbai. They hold a 60 per cent market share in Delhi, but it is too soon to gauge where we stand in Mumbai. Objectives and Business Philosophy of Mother Dairy The main stakeholder of Mother Dairy was the farmer member for whose welfare it existed. Unlike other organizations, their objective is not to maximize the profit. They are more interested in giving the best price for the farmers for their milk than in making a large profit. Thus they look at the price given to their suppliers as not a cost but as an objective. Mother Dairy had, as its main objective, â€Å"carrying out activities for the economic development of agriculturists by fficiently organizing marketing of milk and dairy produce, agricultural produce in raw and/or processed form and other allied produce†. This was to be done through: Common branding Centralized marketing Centralized quality control Centralized purchases and Pooling of milk efficiently Mother Dairy had declared, as its business philosophy, the following: ensure that milk producers and farmers regularly and continually receive market prices by offering quality milk, milk products and other food products to consumers at competitive prices and; uphold institutional structures that empower milk producers and farmers through processes that are equitable. The biggest strength of Mother Dairy was the trust it had created in the minds of its consumers regarding the quality of its products. NDDB, and its brand Mother Dairy, stood for guaranteed purity of whatever products it had produced. Adulteration was simply not done in any of its products. In India, where such trust was hard to come by, this could provide a central anchor for Mother Dairy’s future business plans. For more than 40 years Mother Dairy helping to create a national network has been adapted and extended to other commodities and areas. Their constant effort to learn and to enrich experience is central to their approach and capacities. In times to come, Mother Dairy shall strive to become a leading player in the food industry in India. Strategies Implemented 1. Focused Approach Mother Dairy wants to get into bigger markets and have bigger shares in those markets. The cooperative is also expanding its product portfolio further to match rival offerings – particularly those of Amul. For the first 22 years of its existence, liquid milk was the only dairy product that Mother Dairy offered. It was in 1996 that it came up with ice-creams. But the real spurt came about four years ago, when it introduced curd, flavoured milk, lassi and mishti doi. It introduced butter a year-and- half ago; ghee and UTH milk a year ago; and cheese, about 10 months ago. And under its frozen foods and vegetables brand Safal, besides the introduction of corn and mixed vegetables, it has come out with frozen potato-based snacks in a few months. So while the product portfolio has been growing, Mother Dairy has plans for reach out to newer markets but the strategy here is more product-specific. In liquid milk, it will initially concentrate only on four markets Delhi, its home ground; the Junagarh region and Ahmedabad in Gujarat; Mumbai, which it entered a few years ago; and Hyderabad, where it moved in a little more than a couple of years ago. They have no plans to go everywhere with liquid milk. Whats the need to get into those markets that already have strong co-operative brands? Their objective of getting into newer locations is not to make Mother Dairy larger, but to ensure that there is a large viable distribution network and consumer brand to take care of surplus milk. In Mumbai, where the liquid milk market is close to 40 to 42 lakh (4 to 4.2 million) litres a day, only about 20-22 lakh (2-2.2 million) litres a day is in the organised market and that too is highly fragmented with a number of smaller players with shares of about 10,000-20,000 litres a day. Mother Dairy claims a share of 170,000 litres a day, with the biggest player, Mahananda, selling about 800,000 litres a day and Aarey and Amul about 250,000-300,000 litres a day each. In Hyderabad, Mother Dairy claims it has a 15 per cent market share of the approximate 9-10 lakh (900,000 to 1 million) litres a day of the organised market. These are still early days in the two markets, but we are looking at 10-12 per cent growth in the overall fresh milk segment. 2. Wider Spread However, as far as other dairy products are concerned, Mother Dairy plans to expand across the board. Other than milk, for most state federations, dairy products are still a small part of their operations. So they are taking their products to regions across India, where they see enough market potential. In ice creams, it was only a bit more than two years ago that Mother Dairy entered its first market outside Delhi UP and Punjab. Today, its extended its operation to Haryana, Jaipur, Mumbai and Kolkata as well. Next year, it plans to go south to Hyderabad and Bangalore. In the case of butter and cheese, its present across north India, Mumbai and Kolkata, and has plans to enter Bangalore by year-end. In UTH milk, it has entered Mumbai and the milk-short areas of West Bengal and north-east. For ghee, although the current focus is the northern region, it has plans for a nationwide presence. As far as Mother Dairys non-dairy products are concerned, edible-oil brand Dhara has already has nationwide presence. 3. Product Differentiation While Mother Dairy still may not have a product portfolio as large as Amul, which is also expanding across the country in a big way and is a much bigger player, its doing its bit. Mother Dairy says the idea is not just to enter new markets, but to do well in those markets which mean bigger market shares in the different product categories in whichever market it is present. The drivers will be value created through quality of the offerings as well as innovations in products. This will, of course, be backed by relevant marketing and promotion campaigns.Mother Dairy are bringing in mass Indian flavours which are building up in terms of absolute percentage of contribution. Their attempt is to make the taste experience in ice creams as familiar as possible so as to increase consumption. Take the case of curd. It started off very slow but today, Mother Dairy claims its growing at close to 60 per cent year-on-year in Delhi. Here again, the Indian flavour formula seems to have worked. While curd from an MNC player is probably based on international formulation, they formulated it to taste as close to home-made curd as possible. If the offering fits well with the Indian consumer, the resistance is lower and acceptance more. 4. Smart Marketing On the marketing front, Mother Dairy says its trying to take its product campaigns and communications to a higher platform. For instance, in the case of milk, the campaigns do not talk about the obvious benefits milk is good for health, it has calcium and so on but rather it targets children and are created around ideas such as The country needs you, grow faster. As far as products such as butter, cheese and ice creams go, the campaigns have been created around taste. For butter again, the focus is on children. Here, Mother Dairy has dared to go different. Since 60 per cent butter is consumed by kids, the company wants them to sit up and take notice of its butter. Makkhan Singh, a sturdy jovial cow (a cartoon character) has been made its brand ambassador. While Mother Dairy has been carrying out school programmes games and activities – involving Makkhan Singh in Delhi, it has plans to take such activities to Mumbai and Kolkata as well. It also runs a gaming website on the character to attract children. Its cheese for children again. A couple of months ago, Mother Dairy carried out a retail activity: Cheese khao superhero ban jao, where kids buying cheese at a retail outlet were invited for a photo op dressed as superheros through Polaroid cameras; and the framed photograph was presented to them. The activity was carried out in about 150 outlets in Delhi and Mumbai, with about 20,000-25,000 snaps being taken. Cheese was also something that helped the company bond better with its retailers. In November 2005, retailers in Delhi displayed banners proclaiming, Cheese ke saath bees ki cheez, a proposal that said if a consumer buys Mother Dairy cheese, the retailer can offer him anything worth Rs 20 from the shop which worked better than offering something free with the product, which the consumer didnt even needs. The exercise resulted in better ties with retailers. A positive response made Mother Dairy to repeat it in Kolkata as well. Clearly, Mother Dairy has aggressive plans. But, strong regional brands and other co-operatives will continue to give it tough competition. Perspective Strategies applied by Mother Dairy Mother Dairy maps the future of dairying in India, setting realistic goals for Strengthening Cooperative Business, Production Enhancement, Assuring Quality and Creating an Information and Development Research. The plan was realised with the successful completion of the Operation Flood Programme and has been developed by the State Milk Marketing Federations and the Milk Producers Cooperative Unions in consultation with the Dairy Board. The goals and strategies to meet them have been drawn by its actual implementers Federation and Unions and supported by NDDB. 1. Strategy for Strengthening Cooperative Business: Recruit, train and motivate increasing numbers of women to work for Mother Dairy to achieve significant improvements in dairy husbandry, as they primarily shoulder animal. husbandry related responsibilities in rural India. Consolidation and growth in milk and milk product marketing, promoting better equity for regional cooperative brands and developing qualified and skilled manpower. Education of producer members, opinion leaders and trained professionals to be expanded and strengthened. Empower local leaders, strengthen societies and equip their staff and members with the skills and information they need. Persuade the State and Central Governments to remove the shackles on cooperative laws so dairy can compete on equal terms with other forms of enterprise. 2. Strategy for Production Enhancement: Improve the production potential of indigenous breeds of cattle such as Sahiwal, Gir, Rathi and Kankrej and breeds of buffalo such as Murrah, Mehsana and Jaffarbadi through appropriate selection programme. Cross non-descript cattle with Holestein Friesian in areas with adequate feed and fodder and with Jersey in resource-poor areas. Increase the production and use of high quality feed appropriate to local conditions. Increase production and availability of green and ensiled fodder. Encourage unions, NGOs and cooperatives to put common property area under improved pasture and fodder tree. Expand first-aid coverage through village level societies Increase vaccination of animals against HS, BQ and FMD Develop Mastitis and Brucellosis control strategies 3. Strategy for Assuring Quality: Identify and address quality related problems at every stage from the producer at the village cooperative, to the dairy plant and the process of final delivery to the consumer. Facilitate improvement of hygiene, sanitation, food safety and operating efficiency in the dairy plants and sensitize dairy personnel to product quality aspects as per international standards. 4. Strategy for Creating an Information and Development Research Link large cooperatives, Unions, Federations and NDDB in a national network that collects, adds value and disseminates information Ensure availability of analytical information for Policy Planning and Decision Support Mother Dairy has different plans for its dairy business, which includes flavoured milk, lassi, curd, butter and cheese besides its toned milks. Each of these products has a regional stronghold, with a shelf life of 10 days. However, the company is looking at alternatives that would increase the shelf life and allow the products to be distributed in other parts of the country as well. In the ice cream segment, the company has been able to capture 15 per cent of the market, and hopes to increase it to 20 per cent by 2008. On MDILs marketing strategies while the company does a lot of innovative advertising and on field activities, it spends 3-4 per cent of the turnover on marketing. All categories were experiencing a growth of 30-40 per cent per annum, and that the turnover was growing at 15-17 per cent every year. Mother Dairy had clocked a turnover of Rs 1,800 crore in 2005-06 and was looking at clocking Rs 2,200 crore in 2006-07. Diversification Moves by Mother Diary After becoming a pan-India player recently, dairy chain Mother Dairy, a subsidiary of the National Diary Development Board, is now eyeing a turnover of one billion dollar in the next two years. Following expansion of their business in other cities and with the launch of new products, they are expecting to cross one billion dollar turnover by the end of FY 2009. The dairy chains topline has been growing at a rate of 22-25 per cent per annum and is expecting a turnover of Rs 2,700 crore this fiscal. Mother Dairy will be the second dairy chain in the country after Amul to cross the one billion turnover milestone, if it achieves the target. For over three decades, Mother Dairy restricted its presence mainly in the National Capital Region in the fresh milk and other milk products segment. This year it went for a market expansion across the country. They have a plan to capture all the top six markets in the milk and milk products segment in the country. It has recently entered the fresh milk market in Hyderabad and simultaneously made foray into curd, ice-cream and lassi segments in Mumbai market. Mother Dairy markets dairy products such as fresh liquid milk, ice-creams, and other milk products. It also markets Dhara range of edible oils and the Safal range of fresh fruits and vegetables and fruit juices. Mother Dairy are present by and large in most of the big categories; now it is more about foraying into niches and value-added versions in the same categories. For instance, they have been in the curd and ‘lassi’ categories for around five-six years, but they have now forayed into probiotic curd and ‘lassi’. Advertisement and Promotion by Mother Dairy On the marketing front, Mother Dairy says its trying to take its product campaigns and communications to a higher platform. For instance, in the case of milk, the campaigns do not talk about the obvious benefits milk is good for health, it has calcium and so on but rather it targets children and are created around ideas such as The country needs you, grow faster. As far as products such as butter, cheese and ice creams go, the campaigns have been created around taste. For butter again, the focus is on children. Amul butter may be selling the most, but the advertising and promotions are almost always targeted at adults, points out an analyst citing Amuls popular Utterly-Butterly campaigns. Here, Mother Dairy has dared to go different. Since 60 per cent butter is consumed by kids, the company wants them to sit up and take notice of its butter. Makkhan Singh, a sturdy jovial cow (a cartoon character) has been made its brand ambassador. While Mother Dairy has been carrying out school programmes games and activities – involving Makkhan Singh in Delhi, it has plans to take such activities to Mumbai and Kolkata as well. It also runs a gaming website on the character to attract children. Equity and empathy are being built for the brand, the values for which it stands, and the various other Mother Dairy products, which draw their core values from Mother Dairy milk. Its cheese for children again. A couple of months ago, Mother Dairy carried out a retail activity: Cheese khao superhero ban jao, where kids buying cheese at a retail outlet were invited for a photo op dressed as superheros through Polaroid cameras; and the framed photograph was presented to them. The activity was carried out in about 150 outlets in Delhi and Mumbai, with about 20,000-25,000 snaps being taken. It claims that the exercise resulted in better ties with retailers. A positive response made Mother Dairy to repeat it in Kolkota as well. Clearly, Mother Dairy has aggressive plans. But, strong regional brands and other co-operatives will continue to give it tough competition. It will not be a cakewalk anymore. Mother Dairy and Its Programme for Management of Change Mother Dairy looked at all its operations, strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities available, and came to the conclusion that it had to become more customer centred (rather than merely being farmer or supplier centred). This required paying close attention to the customer needs and quality. Mother Dairy realized that it was not enough that Mother Dairy itself was wedded to these ideas; the entire supply chain had to conform. Hence it launched a â€Å"Total Quality Management† or TQM to ensure the high quality of the products from the starting point (the village farmer who supplied milk) right through the value chain until it reached the consumer. This meant the need for the involvement of farmers, transporters, factory personnel, wholesalers and retailers, each of whom had a role to play. What began as a TQM movement radually became a movement for management of change in the entire value chain. Mother Dairy’s Management of Change (MOC) initiative was launched in six areas: cleanliness of the dairy co-operative societies, planning and budgeting of the dairy cooperative society, artificial insemination service, quality testing and milk measurement by the dairy co-operatives, animal feeding and management practices and self leadership development. Analysis and the Result of The Case The strategy implied by Mother Dairy was that it wanted to increase its market share by providing the best quality to its consumers and building trust with the customers in the long run unlike other organization, there objective is not to maximize profit. Their strategy involves paying the best price to the farmers then making a large profit. Thus there objective is to give the best price to there suppliers. Few common strategies adopted by them is as follows: Common branding Focused approach Product differentiation Smart Marketing Product enhancement and assured quality etc Recently to increase its market share it has introduced several new products positioned against its competitors like amul. Some of the items are ice-cream, lassi, curd, mishti doi etc. The modus operandi includes providing the best quality and taste which is almost a substitute to the home made products. So the mother dairy is trying to get more familiar taste and come closer to the consumers directly. In case of the marketing of the mother dairy products as in the case example of marketing of cheese, in which they have targeted a age group. They are much targeted to a particular age group especially kids and a younger people who are in the growing age. End Notes Mother dairy plans to increase its market share with the introduction of new products and enhancing its market outside delhi to other places. Mother dairy has launched its ice-creams ,curd ,probiotic curd, sweet curd etc. to increase the market share. The advertisement strategies used by Mother dairy is also unique and better than its competitors. A specific age group is targeted and effort is made to sustain that age group of customers. Also profit is the least important motive of it but customer satisfaction is the main roots of their growth. . Bibliography 1. http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2004/12/31/07hdline.htm 2. http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/jul/04spec1.htm 3. www.nddb.org 4. www.motherdairy.com 5. http://www.fnbnews.com/article/ articled=19121 6.http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20strategy2/National%20Dairy%20Development%20Board-Dairy%20Cooperative%20Movement.htm 7. Empowerment Case Studies: National Dairy Development Board 8. www.indiadairy.com 9. Opportunities and Challenges in the Indian Dairy Industry – Dr. K. G. Karmakar and Dr. G. D. Banerjee

Autistic Savants Essay -- essays papers

â€Å"Autistic Savants† Autism is a biological disorder that affects a child’s motor and social skills. These children cannot work in social settings like school and so many of them feel left out not because they are different, but because they don’t know how to interact with others. It seems that everyone knows about autism very well; however, there are some children who are autistic yet they have a very special ability in one area. These children are called autistic savants. Autistic savants are individuals with an amazing skill or ability that most people do not have. There is an estimated prevalence that 10% of savant abilities are in autism. Children with autism have savant abilities, which mean they excel in certain areas like music, art, and mathematics. Leslie is an extraordinary person who happens to have a couple of handicaps such as: blindness, autism, and cerebral palsy. Though he has these three handicaps, which is not a good combination at all, he is still very happy. Leslie has gone through many different things; for instance, his blindness happened at birth when the doctors noticed that his eyes were not open and had to remove them both when he was 6 months old. Although Leslie was put up for adoption at birth he did not think that his foster mother, May Lemke, was not his real mother, though she cared for him as much as she did her own children. One night, when Leslie was about 14 years old May was watching â€Å"Sincerely Yours.† The program featured- Tchailovsky’s Piano concerto No. 1 in the middle of the night May heard some noise downstairs and went to investigate. Leslie was playing on the piano Tchailovsky’s Piano concerto No. 1. Leslie just played by ear. When he was 22 years old Leslie gave his first per... ...al abilities, they can process the square root of 12034 in a matter of seconds; however, simple mathematics are very difficult for them to understand. No one really knows how they can process such high numbers, but some say that it is just too simple and easy to figure out that they don’t understand. There seems to be many people that are autistic savants or just have savant abilities. Many researchers have theories of why some autistic individuals have savant abilities. Dr. Rimland, Mark Rimland father, has a theory that these individuals have incredible concentration abilities and focus their complete attention on a specific area of their interest. It does not seem that Dr. Rimland is able to prove his theory, so we will never really understand how individuals have savant abilities. It seems that the most common type of autistic savants is mathematical abilities Autistic Savants Essay -- essays papers â€Å"Autistic Savants† Autism is a biological disorder that affects a child’s motor and social skills. These children cannot work in social settings like school and so many of them feel left out not because they are different, but because they don’t know how to interact with others. It seems that everyone knows about autism very well; however, there are some children who are autistic yet they have a very special ability in one area. These children are called autistic savants. Autistic savants are individuals with an amazing skill or ability that most people do not have. There is an estimated prevalence that 10% of savant abilities are in autism. Children with autism have savant abilities, which mean they excel in certain areas like music, art, and mathematics. Leslie is an extraordinary person who happens to have a couple of handicaps such as: blindness, autism, and cerebral palsy. Though he has these three handicaps, which is not a good combination at all, he is still very happy. Leslie has gone through many different things; for instance, his blindness happened at birth when the doctors noticed that his eyes were not open and had to remove them both when he was 6 months old. Although Leslie was put up for adoption at birth he did not think that his foster mother, May Lemke, was not his real mother, though she cared for him as much as she did her own children. One night, when Leslie was about 14 years old May was watching â€Å"Sincerely Yours.† The program featured- Tchailovsky’s Piano concerto No. 1 in the middle of the night May heard some noise downstairs and went to investigate. Leslie was playing on the piano Tchailovsky’s Piano concerto No. 1. Leslie just played by ear. When he was 22 years old Leslie gave his first per... ...al abilities, they can process the square root of 12034 in a matter of seconds; however, simple mathematics are very difficult for them to understand. No one really knows how they can process such high numbers, but some say that it is just too simple and easy to figure out that they don’t understand. There seems to be many people that are autistic savants or just have savant abilities. Many researchers have theories of why some autistic individuals have savant abilities. Dr. Rimland, Mark Rimland father, has a theory that these individuals have incredible concentration abilities and focus their complete attention on a specific area of their interest. It does not seem that Dr. Rimland is able to prove his theory, so we will never really understand how individuals have savant abilities. It seems that the most common type of autistic savants is mathematical abilities